Marshall Cultural Atlas

This collection of student work is from Frank Keim's classes. He has wanted to share these works for others to use as an example of Culturally-based curriculum and documentation. These documents have been OCR-scanned. These are available for educational use only.

 

 

 

 

Pacific Herring
(Clupea Pallasii)
(Iqalluarpak)

 

The Pacific herring is one of more than 180 species in the herring family, Clupeidae. This family contains the world's most abundant and commercially important fishes. Herring also are an important food source for a wide variety of fishes mammals and birds.

Herring have a blue-green upper body with silvery sides and are devoid of markings. The body is compressed and the scales are along the underside. Their scales are large and easily removed. These fish may grow to 18 inches in length but an eight inch specimen is considered large.

Pacific herring generally spawn during the spring. In Alaska, spawning is first observed in Southeast Alaska during mid-March, in Prince William Sound in April and May, and at Kodiak during May and June. The eggs are adhesive and survival is better for those eggs which stick to intertidal vegetation than for those which fall to the bottom. Milt released by the male drifts among the eggs and fertilizes them. Herring spawn every year after reaching sexual maturity at three or four years of age. The number of eggs varies with the age of the fish and averages 20,000 annually. Average life span for these fish is about eight years. Mortality of the eggs is estimated at 56 to 99 per cent, depending on locality and environmental conditions at the time of spawning and during incubation. The major sources of mortality are wave action, predation and exposure at low tide.

Herring are located in different environments during different periods of the year. After spawning, most adults leave inshore waters and move offshore to feed primarily on zooplankton such as copopods and other crustaceans. They are seasonal feeders and store fat reserves for periods of relative inactivity. They swim in large schools in the fall and move inshore to winter in deep bays.

Alaska's herring industry began in 1878 when 30,000 pounds were marketed for human consumption. Herring are now harvested primarily for use as bait for the halibut, crab and salmon troll fisheries and also for their roe which is sold to the Japanese.

 

Cheryl Hunter

 

King Or Chinook salmon	- Lois Moore
Coho or Silver Salmon	- Jonathan Boots
The Chum Salmon	- Willie Paul Fitka
Pink or Humpback Salmon	- Tatiana Sergie
Sockeye or Red Salmon	- Jack George
Burbot	- Lois Moore
Northern Pike	- Mary June Tinker
The Sheefish in Alaska	- Tatiana Sergie
Whitefish	- Jackie Paul George
Pacific Herring	- Cheryl Hunter
The Arctic Grayling	- Rose Lynn Fitka
The Dungeness Crab	- Rose Lynn Fitka
Rainbow Trout	- Willie Paul Fitka
Dolly Varden	- Cheryl Hunter
The Arctic Char	- Charlotte Alstrom
Lake Trout	- Jonathan Boots
The King Crab	- Charlotte Alstrom

 

Fishy Research	Student Whoppers	Parent Whoppers	Elder Whoppers
Staff Whoppers	Adventures Under the Sea	Global Warming	The Crystal Ball--Imagining how it will be

 

Christmastime Tales Stories real and imaginary about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year Winter, 1996	Christmastime Tales II Stories about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year Winter, 1998	Christmastime Tales III Stories about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year Winter, 2000
Summer Time Tails 1992	Summertime Tails II 1993	Summertime Tails III
Summertime Tails IV Fall, 1995	Summertime Tails V Fall, 1996	Summertime Tails VI Fall, 1997
Summertime Tails VII Fall, 1999	Signs of the Times November 1996	Creative Stories From Creative Imaginations
Mustang Mind Manglers - Stories of the Far Out, the Frightening and the Fantastic 1993	Yupik Gourmet - A Book of Recipes
M&M Monthly
Happy Moose Hunting! September Edition 1997	Happy Easter! March/April 1998	Merry Christmas December Edition 1997
Happy Valentine’s Day! February Edition 1998	Happy Easter! March/April Edition 2000	Happy Thanksgiving Nov. Edition, 1997
Happy Halloween October 1997 Edition	Edible and Useful Plants of Scammon Bay	Edible Plants of Hooper Bay 1981
The Flowers of Scammon Bay Alaska	Poems of Hooper Bay	Scammon Bay (Upward Bound Students)
Family Trees and the Buzzy Lord	It takes a Village - A guide for parents May 1997	People in Our Community
Buildings and Personalities of Marshall	Marshall Village PROFILE	Qigeckalleq Pellullermeng ‘A Glimpse of the Past’
Raven’s Stories Spring 1995	Bird Stories from Scammon Bay	The Sea Around Us
Ellamyua - The Great Weather - Stories about the Weather Spring 1996	Moose Fire - Stories and Poems about Moose November, 1998	Bears Bees and Bald Eagles Winter 1992-1993
Fish Fire and Water - Stories about fish, global warming and the future November, 1997	Wolf Fire - Stories and Poems about Wolves	Bear Fire - Stories and Poems about Bears Spring, 1992

 

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