SETTLEMENT ACT ORGANIZATIONS
( TEXT 8 )
 


There is hardly an issue of any newspaper published in Alaska but what reports new investments or transactions of one of the regional or village corporations. The importance of settlement act organizations will continue as the great wealth in natural resources is developed from the 40 million acres of land which they hold.

The games and activities which were devised to accompany the mini-text on Settlement Act organizations constitute a good review of the total land claims study.

 

CONCEPTS TO BE TAUGHT:

There are 13 regional corporations and 203 village corporations formed as a result of the Settlement Act.

The corporations were formed to make money, but may have non-profit arms.

The Alaska Federation of Natives was kept alive as an organization to promote unity among Native groups.

 


Text Eight, Part I

WORDS TO REVIEW OR LEARN:

corporation
stockholders
surface title
organization
geologist
seismic zone
board of directors
plateau
commercial
permafrost
"Outside"
economic activities
economic base

enterprise
eligible
enrollment
association
corporate office
tremors
urban
precipitation
subsistence
proxy
invest
benefits

CAN YOU IDENTIFY:

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

What were some of the difficulties involved in the enrollment process? How were they overcome?

What were some of the actions taken to get the regional corporations organized and in operation?

How did it happen that this was accomplished ahead of the government's deadline?

In which areas of Alaska is subsistence hunting, fishing, and food gathering carried on?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a subsistence lifestyle?

How are Klukwan and Metlakatla different from other villages in the Sealaska Region?

What effect will oil production have on the lives of people in the Chugach Region?

What villages in what regions are located along the oil pipeline?

What are the four boroughs located at least partially within the Cook Inlet Region?

The Arctic Slope Region lies entirely north of the Arctic Circle. How does this affect the lifestyles of the people there?

What are some of the ways the Yukon, Tanana, and Kuskokwim Rivers help the people of Alaska? Do the rivers create any hardships? Are there other than the traditional ways that these rivers might be beneficial?

Where does permafrost extend throughout Alaska? How does it affect lives?

What will be some of the problems the 13 regions will have to face?

Should sport fishermen be welcomed in an area where the local people fish for a living?

Should Native corporations seek the help of specialists who are not Native?

 


Text Eight, Part II

WORDS TO REVIEW OR LEARN:

certified
non-profit
by-laws
reserves
township

subsurface title
legal obligation
at-large stockholder
village corporation
revoked reserves
articles of incorporation

CAN YOU IDENTIFY:

Annette Island Reserve
St. Lawrence Island Reserve
"Four named cities"
"Groups"

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

Was it necessary for the Settlement Act to provide for so many local business corporations?

Was it a good idea for the Act to revoke all reserves?

Why did it not revoke the Annette Island Reserve?

Is it a good idea to have regional corporations supervise village corporations?

Describe the two "group corporations". How are they different from other village corporations?

 


Text Eight , Part III

WORDS TO REVIEW OR LEARN:

existing organizations
commission
withdrawn land
appeals

integrity
pride in heritage
progress
culture

CAN YOU IDENTIFY:

Dept. of Interior
Secretary of Interior
Ad Hoc Appeal Board
AFN
ANF
Willie Hensley
Roger Land
Emil Notti
Aleut League
Kawerak
C.I.N.A.
Inupiat

Alaska Native Management Report
Arctic Slope Native Association
North Pacific Rim Native Corp.
Tanana Chiefs Conference
Alaska Tribal Association
Tanana Survival School
Tlingit-Haida Central Council
George Miller, Jr.
Yupiktak Bista
B.B.N.A.
Manueluk
K.A.N.A.

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

How do the members of the Joint Federal-State Land Use Commission get their jobs? Does this put too much control in the hands of the government? Should there be Native members on the Commission? Why or why not?

Land withdrawn in the past by the federal government sometimes was not used as planned. Should this land be taken away from the federal government?

What does "ad hoc" mean? Why is the Alaska Native Claims Appeal Board called an ad hoc board? Will there continue to be appeals to the board in the years to come? Why or why not?

What is the AFN? What are some of the things the AFN does? How much money does each region give to support AFN each year?

What does it do for the region to earn that money?

Why do you suppose Willie Hensley was willing to continue as president even when AFN went broke?

How is the ANF different from AFN?

Is there a non-profit corporation operating in your region? What is its name? What services does it provide? Have you and your family been helped by these services?

Is there anything you wish the corporation would do that it isn't doing? What can you do to influence a corporation?

What villages make up the Alaska Tribal Association? Why did this Association go the the U.S. Congress to seek money?

 


REGIONAL CORPORATION ADDRESSES

REGION 1

ALEUT CORPORATION
833 Gambell Street
Anchorage, Ak 99501
274-1506

REGION 7

COOK INLET REGION, INC.
1211 W 27th Ave.
Anchorage, Ak 99503
274-8638

REGION 2

ARCTIC SLOPE NATIVE CORPORATION
P.O. Box 566
Barrow, Ak 99723
852-6970
852-6930

REGION 8

AHTNA INCORPORATED
P.O. Box 823, Drawer G
Copper Center, AK 99573
822-3486

REGION 3

CALISTA CORPORATION
516 Denali St.
Anchorage, Ak 99501
279-5516  

REGION 9

KONIAG CORPORATION
P.O. Box 746
Kodiak, Ak 99615
486-4147

REGION 4

BERING STRAITS NATIVE
CORPORATION
P.O. Box 1008
Nome, Ak 99762 REGION 11
443-5252

REGION 10

NANA, INCORPORATED
P.O. Box 49
Kotzebue, Ak 99752
442-3301
442-3303

REGION 5

BRISTOL BAY NATIVE CORPORATION
P.O. Box 237
Dillingham, Ak 99576 REGION 12
842-3070

BRISTOL BAY ANCHORAGE OFFICE
447 E. 5th Ave.
Anchorage, Ak 99501
277-9511

REGION 11

DOYON, LIMITED
Doyon Building
First and Hall
Fairbanks, Ak 99701
452-4755

REGION 12

SEALASKA CORPORATION
811 W. 12th St.
Juneau, Ak 99801
586-1512

REGION 6

CHUGACH NATIVE, INC.
912 E. 15th Ave.
Anchorage, Ak 99501
274-4558

REGION 13

13TH REGIONAL CORPORATION
1100 17th St. NW, Suite 1100
Washington, D.C. 20036
202-467-6630

 


 

ALASKA POPULATION BY REGIONS, 1970

REGION

NATIVES

NON-NATIVES

TOTAL

Aleut

1,736

5,958

7,694

Arctic Slope

2,802

464

3,266

Calista

11,269

1,348

12,617

Bering Straits

4,471

1,278

5,749

Bristol Bay

3,276

1,719

4,995

Chugach

1,063

5,223

6,286

Cook Inlet

5,829

139,243

145,072

Ahtna

417

915

1,332

Koniag

1,744

7,665

9,409

Nana

3,507

536

4,043

Doyan

6,292

51,062

57,354

Sealaska

8,248

34,317

42,565

Totals

50,654

249,728

300,382

 


REGIONAL POPULATION ANALYSIS

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will gain an idea of the comparative population density of the 12 regions.

STRATEGIES:

Before students see the above chart, give them a regional map of Alaska. Have them make predictions:

Using the chart, have students verify their predictions. Discuss reasons for the uneven population distribution. Make a map showing population distribution.

 


THREE OPINIONS

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will analyze 3 viewpoints concerning aspects of the Alaska Native Clalms Settlement Act

STRATEGIES:

Read the first statement to the class. Ask,

Ask, "Do you agree with the statement?"

Follow the same procedure.

Ask, "which statement reflects best the way you feel?"

THREE OPINIONS

"The native regions established by the act are required to be profit-making corporations: the villages may opt for profit-making and/or nonprofit-making. This means a people who have traditionally lived closely with the land, being dependent upon it and its wildlife for their subsistence, are now forced to become businessmen and to consider the land they select for its money-making potential."

"Forced to become businessmen? What's wrong with that, anyway? Maybe it doesn't make sense to a conservationist sitting in comfort in San Francisco. But it certainly makes sense to a people who for all too long have lived in a sod hut."

"Whatever the actual situation may be, we reserve the right to speak and decide for ourselves; it is not the place for you or the Sierra Club to decide what is right or wrong for us.
"What we need is a sincere two-way exchange of ideas and philosophies, so that we may understand and accept the best of what different cultures have to contribute to the survival of everyone. We cannot do it if there is force or if people speak for us out of ignorance and insensitivity."

 


LAND CLAIMS BASEBALL

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will demonstrate knowledge of the factual content regarding the Settlement Act.

STRATEGIES:

Read the material in the book. This game can serve as a good mid-point in the unit's activities, or a good review at the end of the unit.

Put the review questions on 3"x5" cards. Be sure the asterisks are included. Stars indicate the difficulty and possible bases to be attained.

Have a large map of Alaska posted, showing the boundaries of the 12 regions.

Locate these signs at four points in the room, forming a diamond: HOME BASE, FIRST BASE, SECOND BASE, and THIRD BASE.

RULES AND DIRECTIONS:
  1. Divide the class into 2 groups. Each team determines their lineup. They play in that order throughout the game.
  2. Choose a scorekeeper to post scores where all can see.
  3. Teacher (or selected student) shuffles the cards and places them face down. The teacher, or a selected student, stands in the middle of the room as "the pitcher."
  4. The first side comes up to bat. (One student at a time, others remaining seated.)
  5. The pitcher turns over the first card. The pitcher informs the batter how many bases can be made (determined by number of asterisks).

    *

    means batter can go to first

    **

    means a second base hit

    ***

    means a third base hit

    ****

    means a home run

  6. The pitcher reads the question or problem. If a correct response is given, the batter moves to the proper base. If an incorrect response is given, the batter is out. Each team must have 3 outs before the other team comes up to bat. An answer only partly correct may be ruled an out.

  7. Only one player may be on a base at a time. If a batter makes a 3-base hit, for instance, when the bases are full, he pushes in 3 scores for the team. Runners left on base when a team gets out are lost to the team.

  8. This game may go on for 9 innings or as long and as often as there is time or interest. Re-shuffle the cards each time you get to the end of a stack. Not all questions may seem significant, but they serve to help students become aware of and familiar with names, places, and definitions.

  9. Teachers may add questions concerning other facts that have emerged as important in classroom discussions.

VARIATIONS:

Allow students to make up questions to add to the deck (or following another unit of study) and assign degrees of difficulty (stars) to them.

Another possibility might be to allow teams to confer on the question before the batter gives the answer.

 

QUESTIONS FOR LAND CLAIMS BASEBALL GAME

**Spell CORPORATION correctly.

1

*TRUE or FALSE? The enrollment process took place smoothly, and without problems.

2

*TRUE or FALSE? Some enrollment applications which came in after the deadline were turned down.

3

*There are about (twelve, 200, or 5000) village corporations.

4

**Name the 2 kinds (or purposes) of corporations established under the Settlement Act.

5

*Regional corporations had received their first payments from the U.S. Treasury by (mid-1968, mid-1972, mid-1976).

6

*On a map of Alaska, point out the general location of the Aleut Regional Corporation.

7

*TRUE or FALSE? The Pribilof Islands are found in the Sealaska Region.

8

*St. Paul is the largest village corporation in what region?

9

**Carl Moses is president of what regional corporation?

10

*TRUE or FALSE? The Arctic Slope Region is one of the world's most active seismic zones.

11

*TRUE or FALSE? Koniag comes from the word Kodiak, a name given to the first people of that island.

12

*TRUE or FALSE? The Koniag Region is mountainous and has a rugged shoreline.

13

**On a map of Alaska, point to the town which has the Koniag corporate offices.

14

*Bristol Bay Native Corporation is located nearest to (the Bering Sea, the Canadian border, the state capital).

15

*Dillingham is the location of the corporate offices for the region of (Chugach, Inc., Sealaska, Bristol Bay Native Corporation).

16

*(Sealaska, Ahtna, Koniag) has the largest number of stock-holders.

17

**What are the two main industries in the Sealaska Region?

18

*The state capital, Juneau, is located in which of the 12 regions?

19

*Valdez, the southern pipeline terminal, is located in which region?

20

*(Calista, Doyon, Ahtna) is a word which comes from the group of Athabascans who settled the area.

21

**Which is the region whose 8 villages are all on a road system?

22

**Which region is a high inland plateau, surrounded by rugged mountains?

23

*On a map of Alaska, point out the location of the Chugach, Inc., Region.

24

*The largest Alaskan city, Anchorage, is located in which region?

25

**Define urban.

26

*TRUE or FALSE? Tyonek is a village located on the Anchorage side of Cook Inlet.

27

**Name 2 regions which have oil under their land.

28

*The Matanuska Valley is the state's largest (salmon producing area, gold mining area, agricultural area).

29

*TRUE or FALSE? There are parts of four boroughs located within the Cool Inlet Region.

30

*The Arctic Slope is one of four regions whose boundaries are the same as the boundaries of a borough government.

31

**The corporate offices of the Arctic Slope Region are in what village?

32

*(Doyon, NANA, Arctic Slope) is the region located entirely north of the Arctic Circle.

33

*On a map of Alaska, point out Prudhoe Bay.

34

**Which is the largest of the 12 regions in land area?

35

*Doyon is an Athabascan word which means (chief, great fisherman, bright sky).

36

***Tetlin, Venetie, and Arctic Village are different from most other villages in what way?

37

***Name the 3 most important rivers in the Doyon Region.

38

*(Ahtna, Calista, Chugach) has more village corporations than any other region.

39

**The main office of Calista is located in Anchorage. The second office is in what large village?

40

*TRUE or FALSE? In the Calista Region, none of the villages is connected by road with any other village.

41

*(Adak, Barrow, Nome) is the city made famous by the Gold Rush.

42

**Name 2 villages that chose to accept title to land on St. Lawrence Island.

43

*TRUE or FALSE? The Eskimos living on St. Lawrence Island get no money from the Settlement Act.

44

****What do the letters NANA stand for?

45

*Kikiktagruk Inupiat is the name of the village corporation located in (Kotzebue, Juneau, Adak).

46

*Which of these regions lies entirely north of the Arctic Circle--Ahtna, Chugach, or NANA?

47

**Where was the election of officers for the 13th Region held?

48

*TRUE or FALSE? The 13th Region received its first payment one month after the Settlement Act was signed.

49

*(Emil Notti, Willie Hensley, Helen Marie Klein) is president of the 13th Regional Corporation.

50

*TRUE or FALSE? Village corporation articles and by-laws are governed by state and federal law.

51

*There are presently (203; 5,000; 49,100) village corporations.

52

****Name any 4 of the 7 villages which obtained full title to land reserves and therefore do not get money from the Settlement Act.

53

****Four historic Native places, now no longer villages, were treated specially under the Act. Name them.

54

*"Shee Atika" means (Our Land, Village on the Ocean Side of the Island, One Who Works).

55

***Two Native groups did not qualify as villages but were certified as "groups". Name one.

56

***Name the two ways the 10 members may get their job on the Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission.

57

*TRUE or FALSE? The Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission was established early in the 1960's to help bring about a settlement of the land claims.

58

*TRUE or FALSE? The Alaska Native Claims Appeal Board is a part of the U.S. Department of Interior.

59

*TRUE or FALSE? The Alaska Federation of Natives was in existence before the Settlement Act.

60

***What do the initials AFN stand for?

61

**The AFN went broke, but in December of 1973 support was promised. Who promised to support the organization?

62

*TRUE or FALSE? All 13 regions are members of the AFN.

63

*The twice-monthly newsletter called "Alaska Native Management Report" is published by (ANF, BIA, AFN).

64

*(Emil Notti, Willie Hensley, Helen Marie Klein) is president of the Alaska Native Foundation.

65

*The "Survival School" for Athabascan students is operated by (BIA, Tanana Chiefs, the Aleut League).

66

***The Bristol Bay Native Association helped get federal disaster aid for their area. What disaster was suffered?

67

***Eleven village corporations which received land but no money under the Settlement Act joined together. What is the name of their organization?

68

*Which of the following is NOT a regional non-profit corporation? Aleut League, Kawerak, Yupiktak Bista, NANA.

69

****KANA is a non-profit organization. What do the letters KANA stand for?

70

*TRUE or FALSE? By-laws are laws that aren't used any more; they are outdated.

71

***Define sub-surface.

72

***Define SUBSISTENCE living.

73

***What is a seismic zone?

74

*Urban means (rural, city, moderate.)

75

 

Cut apart the questions and paste them on 3" X 5" cards.

 

 

UMPIRE SHEET FOR THE LAND CLAIMS BASEBALL GAME (ANSWERS)

  1. Corporation.
  2. False.
  3. True.
  4. 200.
  5. Profit, non-profit.
  6. Mid-1972.
  7. Chain and Pribilofs.
  8. False.
  9. Aleut.
  10. Aleut.
  11. False.
  12. False.
  13. True.
  14. Kodiak.
  15. Bering Sea.
  16. Bristol Bay Native Corporation.
  17. Sealaska.
  18. Salmon, timber.
  19. Sealaska.
  20. Chugach, Inc.
  21. Ahtna.
  22. Ahtna.
  23. Ahtna.
  24. Prince William Sound area.
  25. Cook Inlet.
  26. City.
  27. False.
  28. Cook Inlet, NANA, Arctic Slope.
  29. Agricultural.
  30. True.
  31. False.
  32. Barrow.
  33. Arctic Slope.
  34. Beaufort Sea.
  35. Doyon.
  36. Chief.
  37. Voted to take title to land and not participate further in land settlement.
  38. Yukon, Tanana, Porcupine.
  39. Calista.
  40. Bethel.
  41. False.
  42. Nome.
  1. Gambell, Savoonga.
  2. True.
  3. Northwest Alaska Native Association.
  4. Kotzebue.
  5. NANA.
  6. Salt Lake City, Utah.
  7. False.
  8. Helen Marie Klein.
  9. True.
  10. 203.
  11. Elim, Tetlin, Klukwan, Gambell, Savoonga, Arctic Village, Venetie.
  12. Juneau, Kodiak, Kenai, Sitka.
  13. Village on the Ocean Side of the Island.
  14. Caswell Native Corporation, Montana Creek Native Corporation.
  15. Appointed by the governor, Appointed by the President.
  16. False.
  17. True.
  18. True.
  19. Alaska Federation of Natives.
  20. Regional corporations.
  21. False.
  22. ANF.
  23. Emil Notti.
  24. Tanana Chief Conference.
  25. Poor salmon run.
  26. Alaska Tribal Association.
  27. NANA.
  28. Kodiak Area Native Association.
  29. False.
  30. Underground. Minerals and other materials below the surface.
  31. Finding or producing barely enough to live on; living off the land.
  32. Area where earthquakes happen often.
  33. City.


LAND CLAIMS BRAINBUSTER

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will demonstrate familiarity with words connected with discussions of the land claims.

STRATEGIES (Directions to Students):

Can you find and circle these words?

(They read vertically, diagonally, forwards, and occasionally even backwards.)

corporation
stockholder
subsistence
subsurface
enrollment
eligible
association
corporate
economic
seismic

permafrost
benefits
certified
revoked
reserves
supervision
obligation
outside
base

Using the same puzzle, locate and encircle:

KONIAG
SEALASKA
COOK
ALEUT
DOYON
ARCTIC

AHTNA
BERING
CALISTA
BRISTOL
CHUGACH
NANA

 

 

Select another of the Land Claims books. Make up a brainbuster for the rest of the class to work.

LAND CLAIMS BLOCKBUSTER

Answers to LAND CLAIMS BLOCKBUSTER



SETTLEMENT ACT FACTS

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will demonstrate ability to gather and organize information.

STRATEGIES:

Students can prepare charts individually, or the class can prepare a large wall chart. Chart headings should be:

List the regional corporations from the largest to the smallest under each category.

 


BELIEVE IT OR NOT POSTERS

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will demonstrate ability to do research and to present information.

STRATEGIES:

What do you consider to be the most unique fact about each region?

Make a poster with one unusual feature of each of the 13 regions. Use drawings, newspaper pictures, photos, poster lettering.

OR,

Have the class make one large poster. Assign each student one of the 13 regions. He or she prepares a portion of the display, adding a superlative about the region assigned.

 


GEOGRAPHY LESSON

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will demonstrate ability to gather information.

STRATEGIES:

This could be a research lesson, using geography texts, maps, and other available references. The information gathered may be put in a chart form or merely as a work sheet for each student or for groups of students.

WHICH REGION HAS:

  1. The most shoreline?
  2. The most miles of rivers?
  3. The tallest mountain?
  4. The highest mountain range?
  5. The longest mountain range?
  6. The coldest average temperatures?
  7. The warmest average temperatures?
  8. The most inches of snowfall?
  9. The most inches of rainfall?
  10. The most miles of railroads?
  11. The most miles of highways?
  12. The best harbor?
  13. The most dairy products?
  14. The most beef?
  15. The most lumber?
  16. The most salmon?
  17. The most seals?
  18. The largest bears?
  19. The most caribou?
  20. The most oil?
  21. The most mining?
  22. The most volcanoes?
  23. The most tundra?

 


THE GAME OF FIVE CLUES

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will demonstrate ability to organize data regarding the land claims.

STRATEGIES:

Students should be in small groups of 3 to 5 for this game. It will take perhaps several hours for preparation and research. The idea is to prepare a list of FIVE CLUES to some person, place, or thing. The first clue should be the most difficult; the last, the easiest.

An example:

  1. There are approximately 13,000 people in this area.
  2. Robert L. Schenker is president.
  3. The Yukon and Kuskokwim flow through this area.
  4. It has 56 village corporations, more than any other region.
  5. In Yupik, the name of this region means "the worker" or "one who works." 

(5 points if guessed on this clue.)
(4 points.)
(3 points on this clue.)
(2 points.)
(1 point.)

 

 

A "round robin" schedule should be organized, so that every team will challenge every other team. Therefore, each team will need as many sets of clues as rounds you will be playing. When a team is challenged, they can discuss among themselves, but only one answer can be given. A timekeeper may be necessary. Guesses are permissible. It won't make any difference if two teams pick the same subject; clues probably won't be the same. Only names of persons, places, or things mentioned in the land claims books can be used. However, clues may be gathered from other sources.

 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students demonstrate ability to operate in a simulated decision-making situation.

STRATEGIES:

Each person in the class should write down on a separate slip of paper a problem or decision that could or does face regional or village corporations. These may be real or imaginary. The teacher collects the papers.

Form groups of 5-6 students. Choose a name for an imaginary corporation. Determine in what part of Alaska your corporation is located. Choose officers among the board of directors. You will need a president, at least one vice-president, a secretary, and a treasurer.

The teacher hands out several of the original problems to the president of each corporation. One by one, each board of directors deals with the problems and reaches a decision. The secretary records what goes on.

When solutions have been reached for all the problems, the president of the board appoints someone to report to the rest of the class. The report should include each problem, the process of decision-making, and what the decision was.

 


LEADERSHIP

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will analyze qualities of leadership.Ads

STRATEGIES (Questions to Discuss):

What kind of people were chosen as leaders of the regional corporations?

What were their backgrounds of experience and preparation?

What characteristics do they have in common?

Did they have to meet any certain qualifications before thev could

Would you like to be a corporate leader? Why or why not?

Make a list of qualities or qualifications which you think a Native leader should have.

Make a list of qualifications which you think a white Anchorage businessman should have.

Are the lists alike different?

 

Here and on the next page are some ads from an Anchorage newspaper.

Do they mention qualifications?

Do they indicate what kind of person the applicant should be?

Do you think ads such as these should be more specific? Why or why not?

Would you like to apply for any of the jobs?

INDIVIDUALLY OR IN A SMALL GROUP, think up a name for an imaginary corporation. What kind of people do you need to run your corporation?

Decide on qualifications for just one job in the imaginary corporation . Prepare an ad to send to the newspaper to announce the job opening.

After the group has written the job announcement, individually WRITE A LETTER APPLYING FOR THE JOB . Describe your own qualifications and why you would be a good candidate for the position. Doyon Ad

Role play the job interviews.

After a number of interviews, go back to the original questions.

What kind of leaders were chosen to head the regional corporations?

Do you have any of the same qualifications?

What are some other kinds of work that the corporations have to have done?

Would you like to hold any of those positions?

What skills or training would be necessary?

How would you go about learning what you need to know?

 


LEADERS - A CARD GAME

DESIRED STUDENT OUTCOME:

Students will become familiar with names of a number of Native leaders.

 

STRATEGIES:

One of the players deals out all the cards. If more than one round is played, players take turns dealing.

Players look at cards and sort them, putting those that are alike together. It is important to keep the cards hidden.

When all players are ready, the person to the dealer's left asks any player, by name, for a certain card. ("Jim, may I have an Emil Notti?") He or she must already have at least one of the card asked for.

If the person asked has the requested card, the same person may ask anybody for another card in her or his hand. This continues until the caller fails to get a card.

If the person asked does not have the requested card, that person may then play by calling for a card.

When a player collects all 4 cards alike, they are placed face up in front of the owner.

Play continues until all tricks are complete.

The person who has completed the most tricks wins the game.

 

Howard Rock

Brenda Itta

Willie Hensley

Laura Bernhardt

Sam Kito

Emil Notti

Elaine Ramos

Don Wright

Alice Brown

Roger Lang


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